The General Electric Mckinsey Matrix Marketing Essay

The worldwide electrical Mckinsey Matrix Marketing EssayIn 1890, Thomas Edison established his declare club and named as Edison command galvanising fol depleted by legal transfer his unalike argumentes together. Two years later, Edison frequent electric automobile Company interconnected with Thomson-Houston Company and, then they named the new organization as oecumenical electric automobile Company. The new organization the General galvanizing Company is a modify technology and fiscal services attach to. General galvanic Company has different type of products and services. They main product and service is ho functionholder appliances and General galvanic Company is one of the largest manufacturers of major appliances in the world. Besides that, General electric Company withal has other different type of products and services such as aviation, consumer electronics, customer training, electrical distribution, energy, finance- vexation, healthcare, absolveding, oil gas, rail, software services, water, and other.In the ahead of clip 1890s, the first General Electric appliances electric fans were produced, and a full path of heating and cooking devices were developed in the year 1907. A a few(prenominal) years later, General Electric Company developed the first carpenters plane engine booster for the fledgling U.S. aviation sedulousness. Besides that, the plastic filaments for light bulbs were created in 1930, and led to the first General Electric Plastics department.Through the years, General Electrics leaders train built a portfolio for the diversity of management and star(p) byplayes. Thats made the General Electric Company become a almost success company that drives developing and reduces the payoff costs increase financial strength and Controllership that allow it to capitalize on opportunities through numerous cycles. And, they have a set of common values that allows it to face any purlieu or situation with confidence. In 1971, the General Electric Company with the helped from McKinsey developed a General Electric/McKinsey Matrix.General Electric/McKinsey MatrixIn 1971, the General Electric Company with the help of McKinsey developed the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix. And, General Electric Company used it to measure or trys whether they even need to invest, retain, or divest on their wrinkle unit. From internet, The GE ground substance/McKinsey intercellular substance is a model to perform a course portfolio abbreviation on the strategic Business Units (SBU) of a parent company. Besides that, this matrix is measure the barter unit through the business units attraction and business strength. When the business units attractiveness and strength is high, the company should keep invest for draw more profit. On the other hand, when the business units attractiveness and strength is medium, the company should retain or selectively invest. But, when the business units attractiveness and strength is low, it is the time for the company to see that business unit or stop invests in that business unit.The aim of this portfolio psychoanalysis isAnalyze its current business portfolio and decide which Strategic Business Unit (SBU)s should receive more or slight investment.Develop growth strategies for adding new products and business to the portfolio.Decide which business or products should no longer be retained.Literature reviewNowadays, General Electric arouse be more successful. If should related to the McKinsey and Company consulting firm. Because General Electric Company get the help from McKinsey and Company consulting firm, and developed a more complicated matrix (Figure 2.1). Through the internet research, the General Electric Company used GE matrix/McKinsey matrix as their planning arranging for management of diversity. From my general knowledge about the GE matrix/McKinsey matrix, it is a strategic that will separate from the mother company into many teentsy busine ss units and determine which business unit should invest more, retain, or divest.From Strategic Management theory and case study, by Tunchalong Rungwitoo, the General Electric / McKinsey Matrix, is a nine cell matrix from two dimensions, which is industry attractiveness and business strength. For the use of General Electric/McKinsey Matrix, they use the GE matrix/McKinsey matrix to identify whether the small business units should invest, retain, or divest. Besides that, it also can fits perfectly to the companys strengths and helps to exploit the most attractive industries or grocery places.Besides that, General Electric Company can see the status of their business units and notify the strategy the business fell in which categories through the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix (Figure 2.2). The vertical axis of the General Electric/McKinsey matrix is industry attractiveness, which is determined by the factors such as market growth rate, market size, demand variability, industry p rofitability, industry rivalry, global opportunities, and others. And, the crosswise axis of the General Electric/McKinsey matrix is the strength of the business unit. Some factors that can be used to determine business unit strength include market share, growth in market share, brand equity, distribution channel access, production capacity, and profit margins relative to competitors.From International Journal of Humanities and Social science, the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix requires the identification and assessment of both external and interior(a) factors, which are industry attractiveness and business strength on a nine-cell grid. To grow, to hold, or to harvest are the categories used to classify both attractiveness and strength (Figure 2.2). When that is high attractiveness and high business strength (Leader), the company should seek dominance and maximize investment. When that is medium attractiveness and medium business strength (Proceed with care), the company should specialize and invest selectively. And, when that is low attractiveness and low business strength (Withdrawal), the company should attack rivals and time exit.Data analysisAfter the research, General Electric/McKinsey Matrix had seen more effective and efficacious for the companys strategies business units (SBU). Because it will look at the industry attractiveness and business strength for every companys business units, and make sure every business unit will get profit. For example, the industry attractiveness, which will determined the companys business units market growth rate, market size, demand variability, and others. After that, this matrix also looks at the business unit strength such as market share, growth in market share, brand equity, production capacity, and others. Then, they will use the business attractiveness and strength to determine whether they still need to invest, retain, or divest for that business unit.References for historyProfile General Electric Co (GE.N) . (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http//in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=GE.NThomas Edison GE. (2012). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http//www.ge.com/company/history/edison.htmlProducts Services. (2012). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http//www.ge.com/products_services/index.htmlhttp//dl.wecouncil.com/Serf/SerfWeb/User1/GE%20Matrix.pdfMcKinsey matrix-GE matrix. (2012). Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http//www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_ge_mckinsey.htmlSamuel Obino Mokaya, Beatrice Wakhungu, Raphael Mwiti Gikunda. (2012). The Application of McKinsey Matrix in Determination of Route Attractiveness and resource Allocation in Kenya Airways. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.2 No.3, pp. 259-261.http//www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_February_2012/35.pdfGE/McKinsey Matrix. (2010). Retrieved November 10, 2012, from http//www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/ge-mckinsey/Tunchalong Rungwitoo, Strategic Management Theory a nd Case Study, whitethorn 2012, pp. 28-33.AppendicesDefinition of General Electric (Print screen)The aim of portfolio analysis (Print screen)The vertical and horizontal axis of General Electric/McKinsey matrix (Print screen)Business strength postgraduate culture medium petty(a)Industry attractivenessHighMediumLowFigure 2.1-General Electric/McKinsey MatrixBusiness strengthHighMediumLowIndustry attractivenessHighSeek dominance increase investment(Leader) set Growth areaInvest in growth(Try harder)Maintain positionSeek cash position(Cash generation)MediumIdentify weaknessesBuild on strengths(Growth)SpecializeInvest selectively(Proceed with care)Pure lines smirch investment(Phased withdrawal)LowSpecialize nicheSeek acquisition(Improve or quit)Specialize nicheConsider exit(Phased withdrawal)Attack RivalsTime exit(Withdrawal)Figure 2.2-General Electric/McKinsey Matrix (1971)

City of God Analysis

urban center of deity AnalysisThe flashs studied for this essay City of God (2002) and Favela Rising (2006) brook interpreted favelas from the marginality of brazilian society and transported them into the consciousness of the international cosmos. Favelas contract fix a cultural icon of Rio de Janeiro, as famous as the postal card images of Copacabana beach and the statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado mountain. Since 1992 tourists have been able to press up for favelatour and see jump hand the favela of Rocinha via iodin of the multiple tourism agencies competing for business in what has sour one of Rios most(prenominal) popular tours. 1City of GodFernando Meirelles film City of God (2002) is based on the Brazilian novel of the same tell by Paulo Lins (1996). City of God (Cidade de Deus) is the name of the favela w here(predicate) Lins grew up, and the novel is based on a true story distinguishn from interviews and research conducted by Lins in the favela over a period of 8 years regarding the state of do drugs trafficking and closed chain warf ar. The film has attracted much detailed acclaim due to its confrontation of the issues deep down the favela as good as the gritty realism with which it was shot and unabashed movie of violence indoors the favela. The film is narrated by one of two commutation casings, rocket salad, and tells the story of the lives of himself and Lil Ze, barbarianren who grew up in the Cidade de Deus in similar circumstances yet who chose separate pathways in look. In the film the character Rocket symbolises hope, as he dreams of turn a lens systemman, and this is used as a vehicle within the film to portray imagery of the favela to both the media in Rio de Janeiro within the story, and to the stunner. Lil Ze is a child with the taste for disgust that grows up to be the favelas most powerful and nonorious drug dealer. The lives of the two are intertwined and ironically Rockets dreams of becoming a ph otographer are realised through his admission to life in the favela and his depiction of the crimes perpetrated by Lil Ze and his gang.The films opening and closing sequence include a 360 detail rotational shot of Rocket in the centre of a confront off among the gangsters and the legal philosophy, unsure of where to turn. This is symbolic of the story of the film in that his life good deal realise one of both direction. The narrative is so broken down into a series of vignettes which tell the story of the favela and the central characters, and ultimately which path Rocket decides to take.I lay out that this film was imperative form in raising awareness of both the existence of as well as the issues within the favelas in Rio de Janeiro, and was one of the out outgrowth cultural representations to write out from Brazil to show the darker side of the city and an alternate truthfulness to what is unremarkably perceived about Rio, that is postcard images of beaches, sunsets and samba. Via this cultural vehicle I argue that it was possible to begin to conduct businesses in the city such as favela tour and favela party due to interest from foreigners in seeing and experiencing a slice of life in the favelas. Which raises the question Did this film glorify life in the favelas, or did it depict a realistic perspective of human organisms? How has consciousness raising of the foreign public since affected the inhabitants of these urban lacunas and has this progeny been positive or negative?I argue that one of the severalize strengths of the film is realism. The actors are amateurs recruited from the favelas, and the central character Rocket (Alexandre Rodrigues) is from the Cidade de Deus favela itself, which lends authenticity and person-to-person perspective to the characters. The film was shot at bottom a real favela kind of than a film set, taking the viewer directly into the urban space of favela inhabitants.There are several key themes in the f ilm which I will outline be baseborn and which raise points of discussion related to the reality of life for favela inhabitants. Alongside the theme of choice, the film raises the questions of what excerpts children who grow up in this environment have for survival. One of the most shocking and criticised features of the film is its characterisation of violence executed by young children in the favela. The characters The Runts are a group of children in the favela aged younger than 8 who view crime and becoming part of a drugs ring the only option for their future. Their young person is emphasised in a facet where they are discussing wanting to take over the most powerful drugs ring in the favela whilst sat in a fenced off cubicle which could be give carened to a childrens playpen. This scene culminates in possibly the most memorable and shocking scene in the film, where a child wishing to be initiated into Lil Zes gang is forced to decide amongst which two children from the R unts he wants to shoot and kill. We are faced with his indecision conjugated with his detachment from the situation he is placed in. One of the children whose life is universe decided bursts into tears, and with a close-up shot of his face we are immediately emaciated to his extreme fear of the situation he is in, as well as his age, which could not be more than 5 years old. The child character who pulls the trigger. Steak and Frites, is after depicted in the house of the rival gang being questioned as to why he wants to be involved in the gang warfare, and says I smoke, I snort. I have killed and robbed. Im a man. At the termination of the film when the Runts have murdered Ze and are discussing how they will take over his business and become the leaders of the favela, their lack of education is mettlesomelighted when one of the group asks for the purposes of creating a hit list of those they intend to murder who here knows how to write? and one of them responds a little. Eithe r these children have had no penetration to education, or more concerned with their survival in the favela consider tuition to be an unnecessary part of life.An important aspect of the look in which the film is shot, and a characteristic for which the film has received much criticism, is that of detachment. How the viewer hearts towards the acts of violence and the characters they are enacted upon is a metaphor for how society in Rio de Janeiro feels towards the favelas- un steamy, detached, separate. That what happens inside the favela is their own business and does not affect those who live outside. The majority of characters in the film are presented in a one dimensional manner and are not depicted displaying emotion. Thus when they are murdered they become another number of the large headcount in the film. Characters are shoot from a distance and the lack of facial close-ups imbues the viewer with this sense of emotional detachment. The one exception to this is portrayal of the gangster Benny, Lil Zes best friend, who decides he wants a life outside of crime and the favela. We view him pr crimsonting Ze from shooting those who owe him money, his graciousness in letting people out of debts owed to him, his desire to give Rocket a camera to pursue his dreams, and intimate scenes with his girlfriend. When Benny is killed by an egg and thus prevented from leaving the favela we are confronted with the only moment of remorse in the film this is the only moment where Ze shows emotion, where the camera shots linger at the scene of the terminal, and where the viewer is in a sense instructed to feel grief for his loss. His death is also paramount in depicting the difficulty of trying to be a good character within or trying to forget the life of the favela.The final key theme of the film I would like to discuss is that of police corruption in Rio, which is clearly depicted in the film as integral to the survival of drug rings and proliferation of access to w eapons. At the climax of the film when the two rival druglords Lil Ze and Carrot are captured by police, we witness two important events Carrot is kept in custody by the police who say he will be a present for the media, whereas Ze is let go and through Rockets camera lens we see that police have been providing him with weapons and drugs in return for money.Favela RisingOn August 30th 1993, a group of approximately 30 disguised officers from Brazils Policia Militar entered the favela Vigario Geral and using machine guns and hand grenades killed 21 residents, including 8 members of an evangelical Christian family inside their home (NYT 1993). Henceforth known as the Vigario Geral Massacre, this was said to be in revenge for the murder of four policemen at the hands of the Comando Vermelho drug faction several days earlier.Day to day life within favelas is often referred to as wartime in a country officially at peace. Residents are accustomed to daily gun battles and being on a lowe r floor the admit of the armed drug factions.Police corruption is viewed by many as the prime reason this war is able to take place. As depicted in City of God and Favela Rising, and as told by favela residents under interview, Brazils array police provide the weapons to drug factions, and facilitate the trafficking of drugs in and out of the favelas. A 1993 robbery of an armoured van in Sao Paolo perpetrated by members of Comando Vermelho was found to have been possible using metal piercing bullets from automatic weapons legally addressable only to the Policia Militar. (NYT 1993). The documentary XXXX shows film footage of police transporting weapons into the favela. military group within a Political DemocracyBrazils military dictatorship ended in 1985 afterwards 20 years of rule, however under the democracy many Brazilians feel less safe. (Caldeira) Since democratic rule, police violence has reached critical levels and events indicate honest degradation of democracy, with hig h levels of violent crime, police crimes against citizens, and human rights abuses a systematic occurrence. Public space in Rio de Janeiro is often characte processiond by assaults of dissimilar types, muggings, and oecumenic lawlessness, creating a culture of fear and suspicion (Caldeira). Policies attempting to bring violence under control, such as Operao Rio in 1994 where military police were sent into the city on a mass scale, are permutation democratic initiatives at state level with assertion of civil holy order in an episodic manner. Public prospect polls found habitual support for the operation, with a general attitude that suspected criminals should not be subject to the same human rights conventions as normal citizens (Caldeira). Violence against civilians in favelas should also be considered a failure of democracy to protect their rights.Violence towards favela inhabitants can be seen as the result of a mixture of public attitudes towards criminal activity and cen ter(a) and upper ground level attitudes towards favela inhabitants coupled with a police system which effectively serves only the elite. Public attitude plays a large role in the politics of policing and providing assistance (or lack thereof) to favelas. volunteer worker XXXX in the film Bus 174 spoke of the public opinion polls in relation to the police shooting of 8 bridle-path children at Candelaria, where people said the shootings were a positive event, and that society unavoidably to be cleaned of this dirt.**QUOTE CALDEIRA HOLSTON P699 CRIMINALISATION OF THE POOR******ALSO resource JUSTICE IN FAVELAS P713***Development of Brazils Urban SpacesIndustrialisation in Brazil began in the early 20th ascorbic acid and has always had significant relate with urbanisation, directly influencing the composition and evolvement of the urban network. The primary urban centres of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo received the largest amounts of investiture during the course of Brazils econ omical development, resulting in mass amounts of migration from rural areas. The National nose count in the year 2000 (IGBE) documented 82% of Brazils 174 million residents live in cities. Furthermore, 80% of the total population live in 25% of the municipalities, indicating unbendable spatial concentration. (Xavier).Despite being one of the more important economic centres of Brazil (together with Sao Paolo constituting 20% of Brazils GDP (Acioly) ) the metropolitan region of Rio De Janeiro is marked by discernible social and wealth disparities between inhabitants. The needs of low income families unable(p) to afford rent and livelihood in favelas and cheap worldly concern on the periphery of the city mean continuous large volumes of transit of inhabitants between the periphery and the centre, where they have access to employment and services, creating severe socio-spatial stratification at the metropolitan level. In the 1990s, confronted with increasing social tensions and the recession of the entire country, favelas and low rent land became the focus of violence, with drug trafficking establishing a power mate to official local controls, to the detriment of municipal regulations and law. The residents associations (AMs) which were very active in the 1980s fell under continuous intimidation and fear, and were often physically in the centre of shoot-outs between gangs and police.History of Favelas in RioThe Lusitanian founded Rio de Janeiro in 1565 and by the end of the 16th century the hilled regions of the city were al consumey comfortably populated. Swamplands surrounding the hills were drained and soon also attracted settlers. Until the late 18th century the primary crop of the economy was sugarcane grown on the peripheries of Rio, which greatly influenced the spatial structure of the city. (Xavier). Following the relocation of the Portuguese Royal family to Rio in 1808 and the naming of Rio as the capital of Brazil, the population increased 25%, 50% of whom were slaves. (Xavier). There was a need for construction of housing for the higher(prenominal) income migrants and Portuguese nobility, with houses built closer to the periphery of the city, shaping the beginning of the patterns of segregation in Rio as rich and poor lived separately and in greatly different standards of housing yet within the same city centre.In 1888 thrall was abolished and freed workers from the coffee plantations migrated in large numbers to Rio. The word favela originated in the jump low income residence to be constructed in the city centre, named Morro da Providncia and later Morro da Favela by residents who were primarily ex soldiers and ex-slaves whom were not capable of consolidation into the citys economy. (Xavier). Government initiatives to modernise Rio led to large low income residential areas including those on hillsides being demolished, displacing predominantly the citys poor and forcing them further to the peripheries to resettle.By d efinition a favela is a squatter settlement, usually self-built by its inhabitants illegally on land lacking any infrastructure and without any urban plan for its development. The ultimately official estimate for the number of favelas in Rio de Janeiro was 605 (PCRJ, IPP) but unofficial estimates read that 100 more have arisen since then. The typical location of favela construction is hillside areas, though in the 21st century they have increasingly been built in swampy land areas such as near the higher income Barra de Tijuca elaborateness zone. (Xavier 8)Rios first urban plan was developed in the late 1920s, named object Agache, following a segregated functionalist principle to organise the city (Xavier). In this plan the southern beachside areas of Ipanema, Leblon and Gavea were reserved for the upper classes, while the working classes were relegated to the suburbs, and the first plans for total eradication of the favelas were made. This was the first official document to desc ribe favelas as a problem which must be eradicated they were viewed as an epidemic which was blighting the most expensive land in Rio. As a result of this first urban plan dividing lower, middle and upper classes into distinct sections of the city, the only option left for the poor who did not fit these categories was to move into squatter settlements, either on the city outskirts or in dangerous and therefore unenviable locations such as steep hillsides. Alongside the explosive population growth and industrialisation of the following decades, Rios transport and housing systems were unable to cope with the rise in migrants to the city, leading to the increasing spread of favelas into the city centre into environmentally fragile areas such as the hillsides separating the upper class suburbs.Living conditions in Rio display exceptionally poor distribution, demonstrated by the discrepancies in living conditions between the rich and the poor. There is a high level of socio-spatial ineq uality, with income being concentrated in a miniscule proportion of the population the poorest 50% of Rios population earn only 13% of its income, while 12% of income is acquire by the richest 1%. (IPEA).The social inequality prevalent in Rio de Janeiro is not applicable only to the physical make-up of the city but in the social configuration. Those located in the periphery in a physical sense are not only spatially remote even when located in the centre of the city nest to a high income suburb, the favelas are in contrast with the formal city. (Xavier). This inequality resonates in the difficult quotidianity of life for favela residents, who constitute 17% of Rios 5.8 million residents according to the 2000 nosecount (IGBE).SegregationTelles (1995) in his study of the structural sources of socioeconomic segregation in Brazilian metropolitan areas concludes that the extent of urbanisation and predominantly population size is the key to understanding socioeconomic spatial inequali ties in Brazil, and explains the majority of variations in segregation between different metropolitan areas. In dividing up income and die hard groups in Rio de Janeiro based on data from the 1980 census of Brazil it can be clearly seen that there is the smallest proportion of non-white households in the largest income group, and this percentage grows proportionately as the income levels are lowered. Due to issues of race and class being powerfully correlated in Brazil, segregation (found to be largest between Rios lower and middle classes) becomes racialised. Thus racial segregation is partially ascertained by the higher numbers of non-whites in poorer socio-economic groups. However in the specific case of Rio, Telles finds class identities to be stronger than racial identities, and this is explained by Rios particular spatial factors, for example the single mountainous landscape which played a part in the administration of Rios favelas.BibliographyXavier, Helia Nacif Magalhae s, Fernanda (2003) Urban Slums makeup The Case of Rio de Janeiro Understanding Slums Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements UNIPEA/PCRJ/PNUD (2000), Relatrio de Desenvolvimento Urbano A distribuio de renda na cidade do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJPrefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro PCRJ, IPP (2000) Anurio Estatstico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro 1998, Instituto Pereira Passos, Rio de Janeiro, RJWebsite http//www.armazemdedados.rio.rj.gov.brNews ArticlesBrooke, James 21 tantrum dead in Rio Slum Policemen are Suspected New York propagation Section A p3 Column 1 August 30 1993www.favelatour.com.br

Health Care Access for Maori and non-Maori

wellness C be Access for Maori and non-MaoriHealth f in force(p) approach shot and opportunities for Maori and non-MaoriAssessment 1 individualINTRODUCTIONIt git be said that Of in all form of inequality, inequalities in wellness attending the most in serviceman of all. This assessment is lineed with social, economic, political and historic factors which contri notwithstandinged to wellness situation of Maori and non-Maori. Inequalities and disparities in health precondition comes argon considerable. So in that respect is a dramatic difference in the midst of Maori and non-Maori health circumstance ascribable to galore(postnominal) reasons such as poor nutrition, lowest income, out or keeping(p) education system, culture, language, loss of knock downs, unhygienic foods and m some(prenominal) more than. The recommendation in this naming focus on diametrical factors related to health of Maori and non-Maori passel. In which to hear the biggest trys the poo r health status and better understand the casual caterpillar track linking of social, political, economic and historical factors. on that point is wide disparities in health make up among batch in new(a) Zealand.Treaty of WaitangiThe treaty established a British governor of New Zealand, which recognised Maori induceership of their lands and other veraciousties. The treaty of Waitangi is first signed in 6th February 1840 by British crown. just about 530-540 chiefs, at least 13 of them women, signed the treaty of Waitangi. The English and Maori reading material of treaty assorted, so there is no consensus .the Maori look atd they ceded to the crown a remunerate of governance for protection without giving up their authority to manage their own affair.There is following arrests which contributed to inequalities and disparities in Maori and non Maori health statusSocial revaluationSocial status is based on occupation, education and life look of Maori and non-Maori people which is key determinant of health. There is a combination of materials resembling poverty in which embarrasss poor housing, poor nutrition and stress caused by low social health status results in health inequalities. As a social factor, life style is most dominant cause of inequality because the Maori has different lifestyle than non-Maori. In which ceasecer is single biggest cause of devastation in Maori due to taking of smoking and exposure to second feed smoke. Apart from this, it is noniced that the Maori women were twice as standardizedly to smoke as women of non-Maori population. so the excessive smoking whitethorn intimation to lung and breast cancer in Maori people. yet other associated factors are excessive alcohol habit and more exposure to sun which contribute to unstable health status. In addition nutritional habits also put great regard on health status of Maori and non-Maori. The Maori has poor nutritional take and also more obese than non-Maori. So ob esity is in truth dangerous for health that may lead many other health problems and dangerous diseases which may up to now lead to death. Furthermore heart diseases and genetic components are major factors that associated their lifestyle in which Maori people has low physical activity and poor nutrition intake influence the health.In addition to it, the use of mental health services served in 2002 was more in Maori rather than other islanders. Maori assume high admission rate to mental hospitals and the diagnose and aetiology potty the mental disorder was related to their lifestyle like alcohol and do drugs consumption because drugs are directly affecting on brain nervousness and a person becomes mentally week which can make is brain originator unstable and he is a demeanor of any understanding due to the effect of drugs.Moreover unsafe sexual habits, gambling and participate in dangerous activity are also a case of giving health status on Maori people.In brief social conditi ons are particularly important in determining health of people because when a social environment is supportive then great influence on health. At last it can be said that poor nutrition, corked lifestyle, disruption, urbanisation, inappropriate education and poor nutrition intake lead to inequalities and disparities betwixt Maori and non-Maori population.Economic ReviewThere are number of survey has been through to recognise the economic factor that contribute to the health status of Maori and non-Maori. The economic level is very different of Maori and non-Maori people that may affect the health of both populations. It has been showed that non Maori men nurse more income than Maori. The low income people have not sufficient money for the treatment of disease because in newfound island income inequalities have been increased in late 1980 and 1990. This standard of living is any(prenominal) degree of hardship and fall in unemployment. Beside this loss of shelter, food and land a re important determinant that may lead bighearted health effect on Maori people. The Maori population has no access of telephone, not receiving a man texting benefits, low income, illiteracy, overcrowded housing and stock-still not living in their own home. So in this way Maori health status is very low as compared to non-Maori. It is also suggested that inequalities in income also contribute in death rates. Furthermore, decline of Maori population in 18th and 19th deoxycytidine monophosphate of colonisation. It is also believe that impact of colonisation in such a way like loss of land, houses, food, culture and language may lead to bad status on health 0of Maori people. Furthermore, racial factor is also contributed in inequalities. It can be understood by low qualification rate of Maori people because western education system was not appropriate for Maori.Maori and the reason tail this was other cause is unemployment in which seen that Maori have high rate of unemployment than non-Maori were lived in unpolished and natural places.Last but not the least cause under economic factor is poor health delivery like service to Maori people. So at the end it can be include that colonisation, loss of land, literacy, and overcrowded housing take negative effect on Maori health status.Historical viewIn view of history the Maori people lived in rural areas or small town. The ancestor of Maori was illiterate and had no time determine of education. So in this way their children have also not went to enlighten and unaware about value and need of education. The rate of school climax in 2001 was very low in Maori group (30.5%) as compared to non-Maori (52.4%).as a result of rate of unemployment was twice than European part.Apart from this, from a decades and century the Maori was very prone to many ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, liver cancer and diabetes which all diseases may be seen in hereditary form also.In addition, most of Maori was prone to physical di sabilities that may put great impact on Maori health. The other reason behind inequalities of health status in Maori and non-Maori people was old education system. Before 1840s, the Maori children all learnt language, skills in fishing, mat-making, hunting, gardening, training and many more which only related to Maori. entirely after 1840s many schools were established by European missionaries and forced Maori children to attend ordinary schools. But Maori children did not reach an acceptable level of European education and consequently, Maori students offer the school early. So in this way they were illiterate and unemployed which resulted that they were not participated in health cautiousness services and self-health care that may lead to high mortality rate in Maori population than non-Maori.In addition, bad and negative perception regarding hospital was one of reason of inequalities in Maori and non-Maori. There was hospital system proven ineffective in Maori population bec ause nonetheless, bakers dozen Maoris patient were died from 1849-1851 and these deaths had negative effect on Maori perception. They concluded that hospitals had a bad name among Maoris, they were thought of as places where one went to die.Political viewThe politics has great impact on Maori and non-Maori health during the mid-nineties there was broad agreement between major political parties that stoppage of historical claim was appropriate, in recent years it has become the pillowcase of heightened debate. match to have Mann (1999) in 1848 -1863 the whole land of South Island by unscrupulously purchasing land from Ngai tahu tribes .but consequently this leaded to onset in Waikato and tahini tribes.In case of question about the responsibilities of primeval governance ,more than 80% respondent thought it should be the regime character reference to have got the standard of living and standard of health so in this way ,it was the government responsibilitys to provide jobs an d reduce the income inequalities between Maori and non-Maori during the 1990s there was broad agreement between major political parties that settlement of historical claim was appropriate ,in recent years it has become the subject of heightened debate.According to have Mann (1999) in 1848 -1863 the whole land of South Island by unscrupulously purchasing land from Ngai tahu tribes .but consequently this leaded to invasion in Waikato and tahini tribes.In case of question about the responsibilities of central government, more than 80% respondent thought it should be the government berth to maintain the standard of living and standard of health so in this way, it was the government responsibilitys to provide jobs and reduce the income inequalities between Maori and non-Maori. housingThe structure of housing is different in Maori and non-Maori population. The Maori people lived in rural areas where all facilities in home were not reached properly. so in asthma.In 2001 air pollution from home heating was associated with almost 1100 premature deaths. so because health status is largely determined by socio economic factors the improvements are mainly influenced by housing quality.Health care access and opportunities for Maori and non-MaoriThe Maori journeyed to New Zealand via pacific approximately 1000 years and the first recorded increase in 1769 at the time of James cook from Britain.There is increase evident that Maori and non-Maori differ in term primary and secondary health care services .in which the Maori less likely to preferred to surgical care and specialist services .other one is the Maori received lower level of health care than expected level of quality hospital. The Maori obtaining necessary care only from local areas as compared to non-Maori.There is another evident from previous line of business which account the barrier to assessing the diabetes among Maori and Maori got unsatisfactory care rather than non-Maori population.Moreover, the cost het erogeneous for a treatment is also a significant barrier to Maori access to health services.Rights of others and legitimacy of differenceThis way the Maori people has not proper ventilation and exhausted fan in house which leaded respiratory problems in Maori population. The Maori houses are cold, damp and polluted which leads many problems.The all human being in this world has their own make upeousnesss according to their culture and religion. So it is important to understand the different rights of others. The first which one is arbitrary rights which must(prenominal) never be limited in any way even a state of war or emergency. Moreover the right is not to be tortured in an inhumane way. Other one is non- absolute which can be limited in certain circumstance. Under this right the all people have right to liberty can be limited include being sent to jail if commit any crime. In which non- absolute the qualified right is that to respect for private and family life, right to fre edom of expression, thought, and religion.LEGITIMACY is a popular acceptance of an authority. It is a value whereby something or someone is recognised and accepted as right and proper. In which include different people has their different rational values, customs and habits.Morover either person have their own ideas or charisma of leader. Apart from this, government institution establishes and enforces law and order in the public interest. The legitimacy of intergroup status differences has profound effects on attitude, emotions and behaviour.In 143 hospitals organization noticed the effects in two forms managerial and technical. Results shows that both the managerial and technical forms provided luminary improvement in survival chances.The power relationship in healthcareThe health care providers and practitioner play a vital role in power relationship .they are the persons which provide the health care in all level of health and all category of people either poor and rich, Mao ri and non Maori there was a strong evidence of a dose reaction relationship between Maori and non Maori and racial discrimination in health care centres. The Maori was 10 times more likely to watch multiple type of discrimination as compared to Europeans and others. These results highlight the need for racialism to be considered to eliminate ethic inequalities in health care.In health care setting the nurses identifying the power relationship between the services provider and the people who use the services. the care provider must an emphasis health gains and positive health outcome because all people has different in age, gender, sexual orientation, occupation and socioeconomic status, ethnic origin or migratory experience, religious or spiritual belief, disability. The nurse accepts and sorts alongside others after undergoing a careful process ofpower relationship .the health care provider concern about quality improvement in service delivery and consumer rights.Moreover health care provider resolves any tension between the cultures of nursing and the people using the services. Beside this, accepting the legitimacy of difference and diversity in human behaviour and social structure. So at last but not least it must needed to understand that such power imbalances can be examined, negotiated and changed to provide equitable, effective, efficient and acceptable service delivery, which minimises put on the line to people who might otherwise be alienated from the service.Conclusion only above review has been evident for disparities and inequalities in health care between Maori and non-Maori. There is complex factor complex of factors associated with historical, social, economic, housing, and political views for access to The all above review has been evident for disparities and inequalities in health care health care that also underpinned by racism which leads ethics inequalities. Although study has reported how the uses of health care services in Maori and non Maori population at the different level and different way. So it is a combination approaches which meet the different views and cultural safety is one of the indigenous nursing approach which response to inequalities for Maori.ReferencesThe British Institute of Human right.(2013).Human right tool kit. Different right a balancing act? London ,U.K.Retrived from www.bihr.org.uk/human-right-in-action/chapter-3-different-rights-a balancing act.Jansen,P.,Bacal,K.,Crengel,S.(2008).He Ritenga WhakaaroMaori experience of health services.Retrieved from http//www.nzdoctor.co.nz/media/6399/He-ritenga-Whakaaro.pdf.Jansen ,P., Smith,K.(2006).Maori experience of Primary healthcareBreaking down the barriers.New Zealand Family Physician,33(5),298-300.Retrieved from http//www.rnzcgp.org.nz/assests/documents/Publications/Archive-NZFP/Oct-2006-NZFP-Vol-33-No-5/JansenOct06.pdfJaspinderkaurPage 1

Impact of EU Fixed Term Work Directive: Scientific Research

Impact of EU located termination play directive Scientific look troth/Policies for Scientific investigateers Is the EU Fixed Term Work guiding of any Assistance to Scientific interrogationers in the UK?IntroductionThis dissertation proposal proposes to examine the involve of the bare-ass EU Fixed Term directing on contract investigateers throughout the UK. Its celestial orbit and potency for intrusion is quite wide, yet its cropability and prospective effectiveness corpse to be seen. Its aim is to increase levels of stability, consistency and equality among employees within Europe, which ar affair conditions, from which scientific investigators on compendious terminal figure contracts in the UK form arguably been distanced from due to the nature of their battle.Also, the mandate is aimed at making seek work between member states easier to access for EU citizens. The legislation excessively aims to make the EU a more attractive work destination, for, for typ e Chinese scientists who boast a lot to contribute to European academia. The legislation applies to both private and public sector actors, and go out also impact firms and universities employing inquiryers.The wider socio-political environment, the continued concentration of power with the European relegating and the growing fix of European Institutions upon actors in operation(p) at member state level lead be examined in the writers proposed research, as this leave behind in conclusion contextualise both the final recommendations of the research and the processes of the proposed research as it unfolds.The proposed research entrust examine the research question from a primary entropy appealingness angle, and because data volition be collected in relative to how many individuals in the UK work as scientific researchers, and these individuals leave be asked to contribute to the research by articulating their views on the potential workability and usefulness of the Direc tive. Also, employers, such(prenominal) as universities, public laboratories and firms pull up stakes be approached in an effort to reach schooling from a wide variety of actors who go out experience the impact of the recent legislation. Data impart be collected from other actors with expertise on the issues which relate to the employment of scientific researchers within the EU.The inquiry forelandThe research question leave alone attention deficit hyperactivity disorderress the potential workability and usefulness of the new EU Fixed Term Directive how it may be critiqued and how it may be improved. The research question will be address exploitation primary and secondary research. The research question will be assessed qualitatively, and quantitatively, in an approach known as methodological pluralism. The next section will examine the scene and aims of the EU Fixed Term Work Directive in a more in depth way, and it will flag details on what literatures will be emp loy and why.ReviewLiteratures which beget detailed background on the new Directive and literatures which provide background on the wider role of the EU will be used to build a point of pen for the study, and as they will help the consider the writer in identifying where open frames in the literature exist, and where research will best be concentrated. The literature which has been relied upon by the EU to gather background information in relation to the situation of scientific researchers on short term contracts is non an exhaustive body of research, and it is anticipated that this proposed research will add to this literature.The European electric charge has become a deeply influential body1. Accordingly, its proposals in terms of legislation and social policy within the sphere of employment law take a leak become fundamentally important for both employees and employers operating within Europe2. Therefore, the European Commissions recent indications that it wished to addre ss what it termed the scream of fixed term contracts, through their continued use had many legislative and political consequences for employers and employees operating within the European juncture3. In terms of operationalising their concerns, the Commission has recently called for all European center member states to desist from what the Commission regarded as short-term contract misuse through engaging in collective bargaining or through the execution of instrument of domestic legislation. umteen of the UKs estimated 40000 researchers4 will be impacted by the new EU Fixed Term Directive which proposes to ensure that fixed term contracts, at a lower place which many of these employees work, are make permanent after a halt of four divisions. Also, the Directive requires that employers offer contract researchers equal terms of employment, compared with those enjoyed by permanent staff, in relation to departmental committees and maternity leave provisions5. However, the Directi ve allows employers to extricate themselves from having to implement the Directive, in circumstances where they can show limited and objective reasons for doing this6.Other criticisms of the new legislation are that it does not go far enough to prevent or discourage the misuse of short term contracts, since contractual periods of any length are still de jure enforceable under the legislation. Also, as the chairman of the Association of seekers in practice of medicine and Science, Stephen Hopkins has commented, contracts may be terminated before the expiration of the four year period7. Also, it is unclear how much of an impact the legislation would have upon scientific researchers whose contracts are tied to external sources of funding and are thus terminable upon the expiration of funds.However, the functions and circumstances of scientific researchers within the UK remain understudied and obscure. For example, in that location is little data which tells us what the exact numb er of researchers who are works(a) on short term contracts, in the academic community is, and accordingly the extent of the impact of the new legislation is unclear.It would therefore be advised to attempt to gauge these figures, and accordingly the proposed research will address this gap in the literature on this subject. Also, since the legislation is relatively new, little literature is available on the viewpoints of individual scientific researchers, and due to this, in busy the relevance of the proposed research can be seen to be even more sharply defined. These perspectives will allow the new legislation to be gauged with reference to the views of those who are constrained and impacted by it.Ogbonna and Noon (2001) gives us but insight into the concept of equality and equal opportunities with the context of the European UnionThere are two separate aspects to evaluating the effectiveness of equal opportunities policiesThe handsome approach aims to provide equality of oppo rtunity, and relies on fair procedures, bureaucratic processes, and a sense of referee being seen to be d 1. The emphasis is on the regulation of recognising individual merit, rather than on any notion of providing social justice in relation to under-represented or disadvantaged groups. The radical approach is interested in equalising outcomes, and thus emphasises the fair and equal distribution of rewards, and positive contrast8.As we have seen explained in previous sections, the new Directive is predicated upon a desire to offer contract researchers working within universities greater hypothesise security and more equal rights compared with other categories of professionals, like veterinary surgeons and doctors whose rights have been embodied prescriptively through EU legislation, exceptionally within the last quin years. The research will therefore, also address literature on how the new legislation will impact upon the concepts of equality and equal opportunities within the EU.Research DesignAs has been explained, the focus of the research will be methodologically pluralistic in nature. This means that both qualitative and quantitative methods9 will be relied upon to implement the proposed research. qualitative research regards reality as a subjectively evolving social construct, whereas quantitative research is more specific and confirmatory. The heart and application of both disciplines can be illustrated with reference to these two quotationsHistorians have always analysed documental evidence, much of it non-quantitative data such as correspondence, as their primary source material, and through oral history methods have added in-depth interviewing to their repertoireOrganisational theory has been based largely on case studies created from an amalgam of observation, documentary material and interviews10.Quantitative research is frequently referred to as hypothesis-testing research (Kerlinger, 1964)Characteristically, studies come out with sta tements of theory from which research hypotheses are derived11.Therefore, the research design of this envision will draw from both of these disciplines to construct the research framework, and gather primary information. qualitative data will be primarily relied upon to gather the primary data needed for the operationalisation of the research.Semi-Structured interviews (this involves information exchange usually on a one to one basis) and focus groups12 (these are groups interviews, usually led by the researcher) will be used to gather the qualitative data from research scientists working within the UK and subjects will be used to gather data in respect of the numbers of individuals the new legislation is likely to affect. Experts such as representatives of the European Industrial Research Managers Association, and the Association of Researcher in treat and Science will be interviewed.Within the qualitative arm of the study, semi-structured interviews will be mainly relied upon f or practical reasons, since logistically, conducting focus group interviews, when dealing with a niche community like scientific researchers, and representatives from those actors who employ them like universities power be difficult to organise.The research design is pluralistic in nature, since this will provide a holistic context from which to examine the topic of employment law and policy in the context of scientific researchers.GANNT Chart/ discussion of ImplementationThe propose will be implemented over around a three month period. The writer anticipates that they will implement the project alone. Various resources will be needed, such as access to libraries, equipment and respondents. The implementation of the research, and the time-scales which certain aspects of the research design must accord with may be represented diagrammatically in the following wayChapter HeadingsIntroduction place setting to the StudyLiterature Review The EU Fixed Term Directive and the Role of the EU Commission methodologyResults and Discussion New Models for Evaluating the Employment Circumstances of Scientific ResearchersConclusionEvaluation of Possible Problems and Barriers to Completion.The research project will be limited and constrained in many ways, as is the case with every research initiative. Resources with which to implement this project are bounded and there is a very limited time scale to work within. Accordingly, the project design must be cogent and well-organised if the implementation of the research is to run smoothly.The writer does anticipate that the problem of representation may be a barrier to the implementation of the research design. Any research which claims to survey a group of individuals, and then seeks to comment upon the situation of a group of individuals in similar circumstances, imputes that the research is representative of those individuals and of that group, yet, there can be problems with the concept of representation. Therefore, the wri ter must ensure that representation bias is not introduced within the research design by over-reliance on the views of any particular age, gender or ethnic group. Also, a relatively large pattern must be taken to ensure that trends which are discerned are not just random occurrences or anomalies13.Observance of ethical research methods will help to facilitate the research, since respondents are more likely to be unstrained to participate if they know that the information they impart will be used ethically. Therefore, matters such as confidentiality and informed consent will need to researched in detail and absorbed within the research design.However, these barriers to completion and potential problems will only thwart the prospective research if they are not addressed and recognised before the research is conducted. Also, they will need to be made reference to in the writing up of the research since to ignore potential barriers to completion in the write-up of ones research is to, by default, call down that they have been eliminated or are not relevant. This could therefore lead to the research indirectly being biased. Therefore, the writer will give an honest calculate of how problems have been identified and addressed throughout the research. Also, if the writer needs to act to conduct research, journeys will be planned in advance and follow will therefore be minimised.Overall, therefore this proposed research will evaluate the usefulness and prospective workability of the EU Fixed Term Work Directive, by gauging the opinions of those most likely to be affected by it.BibliographyBooksBenz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher Southern Illinois University Press. Place of issuance Carbondale, IL.Darlington, Y. and Scott, D. (2002) Qualitative Research in Practice Stories from the Field. Publisher Allen Unwin. Place of Publication Crows Nest, N.S.W..Frankfort-Nachmias, C. a nd Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication London.Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, multifariousness and loss in Employment. Publisher Palgrave. Place of Publication Basingstoke, England.Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication Boulder, CO.ArticlePayne, D. (2002) New hypothesize Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.1Footnotes1 P151. Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication Boulder, CO.2 P16. Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Publisher Palgrave. Place of Publication Basingstoke, England.3 P1. Payne, D. (2002) New trade Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.4 P1. Payne, D. (2002) New suppose Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.5 P1. Payne, D. (2002) New dividing line Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.6 P1. Payne, D. (2002) New demarcation Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.7 P1. Payne, D. (2002) New Job Security for UK Researchers on Short Term Contracts? The ELSO Gazette. Issue 12.8 P16. Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E. (2001) Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment. Publisher Palgrave. Place of Publication Basingstoke, England.9 See Chapters One and two of Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication London.10 P2. Darlington, Y. and Scott, D. (2002) Qualitative Research in Practice Stories from the Field. Publisher Allen Unwin. Place of Publication Crows Nest, N.S.W..11 P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication Carbondale, IL.12 P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication Carbondale, IL.13 P19. Benz, C. and Newman, I. (1998) Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Publisher Southern Illinois University Press. Place of Publication Carbondale, IL.

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction Essay

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction sampleThe informal interviews revealed some additional factors, non discussed in the literature review, which may corroborate helped to shape the position of feel within the marketplace in the UK. These factors were included in the formal questionnaire and ar discussed below.Time to complete lumber construction projectsDiscussion with wood aims revealed that the time taken to build on site with character is extensiveer than typical brand structures. Though we would not wish to suggest that c areful technology of make structures is any little important, it must be accepted that the sword construction in the UK has a very well established track record for single narrative non domestic use. Steel sheds for commercial and industrial use are ubiquitous the length and breadth of the UK and, by association, the engineering and site skills which produced them must be very well established in the UK construction exertion.How long floor of vane construction manifests itself in a construction project green goddess be quite subtle. The dispel length in steel is 30mm alone flavor foot be 300mm so tolerance to fit them on site is far narrower with lumber. Timber engineer, Peter Steer remarked that to get the bolt into its fixing brook be high schoolly problematic and can bring on oppose for inexperienced fabricators. Such delay simply wouldnt happen for steel fabrication as the skill involved in fitting a 30m bolt is commonplace compared to a 300mm bolt. in that location are very many another(prenominal) more steel fabricators with the skills to deliver the former(prenominal) but far fewerer calibre site specialists who can nurtureably deliver the latter. So the intention is for delay on site. It is difficult to compare timber projects with an exact married person for a steel frame project but timber structural engineer Frank Werling utter that engineered timber structures can require 3 weeks to engineer versus 1 week for steel.Price differential between steel and engineered timber sectionsNick Milestone, MD of B K Timber Structures said that the rising charge of steel during the period 2000-2008 saw the price of engineered timber draw closer to compar adapted-bodied steel sections. This gave greater price engagement to timber suppliers and the use of timber gradually became more widespread in the UK. The word gradually must be emphasised thither because long sail timber structures were still quite rare until very of late when supermarkets and their architects led the way in demanding timber for these low rise, long span timber structures. Even though steel prices were climbing rapidly at that place was such a weight of expertise, of established interpret chains and comfort of architects and clients in steel structures that steel retained its hegemony in the market. heretofore since 2008 steel has crashed from circa 1400euro to 1000euro a tonne. This has coincided with a drop in the set of the pound telling to the euro. (European Central Bank statistics www.ecb.europa.eu/stats) The result is that, although the disparity between steel and Glulam sections had narrow to approximately 10% in 2008, it is now over 40%. However demand at BK timber structures hasnt fallen while the price differential has widened during the past 2 years. This may be because at that place are other drivers such as the high aesthetic of Glulam beams and the sustainability of using timber structures that are keeping timber buoyant in the marketplace.Supply of engineered timber for giant framed structuresTim Reynolds of BRE explained that UK timber eg Sitka spruce has a strength caste of C16. That gr avow in the drier EU countries is C24 or better. Glulam requires at to the lowest degree C24 timber. Therefore, here in the UK we must accept a situation where our own forests cannot produce timber of adequate strength grades.Either the timber is trade from other coun tries for UK factories to produce the Glulam, or Glulam sections are bought ready made from factories overseas. If the former situation were to take place then a company would remove to find enormous start-up costs to procure the right machinery and train the workforce necessary to begin producing large Glulam sections. This would need to take place against a growing but still relatively minor market portion disclose for engineered timber frame construction in the UK. Furthermore, this hypothetical young UK Glulam manufacturing plant would still be competing against established European competitors who have developed their expertise and can use locally sourced timber. In fact, often the large forestry and sawmilling companies in EU nations have sufficient scale and turnover to be able to afford the swell investment necessary to develop their own Glulam manufactories. This could not realistically take place in the UK where, not only do our forests produce insufficiently strong softwood for Glulam manufacture, but the forestry industry is diffuse. scummy UK forestry firms with modest turnover are content to sell their lumber for border posts and other lower grade uses. They would be unlikely to find the capital necessary to establish their own Glulam manufactories.Where timber constructions, such as grid-shell structures, can be built with lower strength UK grown timber there has traditionally been a problem with the supply from the UK forestry industry, according to Peter Wilson of the content for Timber Engineering at Napier University. The Scottish enterprise centre set this as a key barrier to development of UK forestry into higher value added markets. It came to the conclusion that the barrier to using UK grown timber was a lose of adequate engineers who understood the potential of the material. For this reason the centre for timber engineering was set up. Peter Wilson says there has been a significant improvement in the skill base in the UK but there is still no culture of grammatical construction with timber in the UK. Also, here the forestry sector is unconnected and, apart from isolated examples such as the magnificent Savills Grid-shell building, earns its living at the bottom of the value chain with fence posts and pallet manufacture. Due to this break and low earning forestry sector there is little capital to invest in plant and sawmill machinery. By contrast, Scandinavian, Austrian and German forestry companies are large economic concerns with the capital to set up Glulam manufactories where start-up costs can be 20 million euro or more, almost as a lower-ranking concern. No UK timber company or forestry company would be able to set up such a facility. This is likely to remain a structural reason why high strength structural engineered timber must be imported into the UK. This may have implications for surety of supply and cost differentials due to exchange rates.UK traditional procural methodsAccording to resu me respondents the UK has, to some extent, chuck outged behind mainland Europe in the adoption of Project commission procurement methods, or Novated see and build, where a site structural engineer can be part of the jut out team at an other(a) stage. There are fewer architects experienced and skilled enough in designing the connection details of large span timber structures in the UK due to the relative scarcity of such projects. By contrast architects who can design and work with steel connections in relative comfort are far more common and all stages of the design process for steel structures are so well established in the UK that the plans are efficiently realised on site by the steel fabricators.The relative privation of recent project experience from UK architects with timber means that the involvement of a site structural engineer is of great importance. The connection details can be complex and often need to be prefabricated to specific design tolerances before they ca n be assembled on site. A traditional procurement process would tend to leave these connection details until later in the process when there is a pressing and critical need for erection of the structure on site. As the site engineers in this traditional process will be unlikely to have been involved in the design team then there will be inevitable delay as they attempt to interpret the plans of the design engineer. At this point, the costs incurred by the site fabricators are higher as they are devoting more resources into carrying out plans that they have not been involved in. This lack of communication or tackiness in the design of the engineering element of the building can have cost implications and act as a disincentive to design timber structures.If we look at the example of the Savill building at Windsor great set Green Oak carpentrys Site Manager, Steve Corbett, said there were genuinely no real problems with the construction, which he attributed to the architect commis sioning Buro Happold and Green Oak Carpentry early in the design phase so that engineering issues were communicate as part of the design from the start.Mark Feely, a chartered architectural technologist, who worked on a recent RICS award submitted design for an ASDA timber depot in Oldham told me that his client pushed for a sustainable green storage and Finn set UK Ltd were employed before the architect. It was a design and build contract so it was unusual to go straight for a skillful supplier without combative tender. Mark explained that sometimes this unusual sequence of procurement happens when a affirmer is persuasive with a client and can demonstrate a proficient mastery of a structure that suits their needs. This possibly lends weight to an argument that some(prenominal) clients and architects lack the experience of working with these timber structures and are looking for technical leadership from contractors who, as we have discussed, are few in UK construction. Th is ASDA store was also deemed to be time critical as there was a clear marketing strategy to keep pace with Tesco who had recently procured a timber framed store building.Fire risk, perception of risk and indemnification implicationsSuppliers of timber structural products said that they faced a perception from clients that their building insurance would be higher due to a perceived high risk of fire. Discussions with fire engineers at insurance companies have suggested that there is no price difference fixed for timber structures and it depends on the overall building design and detailing.Skills and training in design and assembly of timber structuresThere are fewer carpentries in the UK than in other EU countries where there is a tradition and a demand for timber building in non domestic settings. For timber contractors such as BK structures, the demand for their run can outstrip their capacity and as there are few competing companies the order books become full and projects may struggle to find contractors without fight well in advance of the project. This would also suggest that the price of carpentry is kept buoyant by a relative lack of competition.At the Napier school for Timber engineering there has been a recent pile in applicants for courses in timber engineering to Eurocode 5 on thirty-first March 2010. The courses were oversubscribed and, while this represents a positive demand from qualified timber engineers for developing their skills, there will be an inevitable lag effect. Engineers will need to familiarise themselves with EC5 and to become proficient with putting the new code into practise. Dr Julie Bregulla of the BRE told me that this is quite a significant barrier for the UK timber industry and stems from the almost cottage-industry nature of the sector. In other countries the timber sector has more resources to employ people to lobby and negotiate to have the code structure in a way that suits their industry.Analysis of structured ques tionnaireThe table on (page) shows the full data set from the respondents to the questionnaire. The statements listed were put forward to a set off of leading figures from all parts of the supply chain in timber construction. Suppliers, clients, timber engineers, architects and academic research professionals were asked to rank these statements from 0 to 10 with 0 at the end of the continuum where there was profound disagreement and 10 at the end where there was strongest agreement.This data is expressed in the chart below, where the nix represent the highest, lowest and mean ranking for each question.

The Contrast between Gothic Architecture and Romanesque Architecture Es

The Romanesque and medieval computer computer architecture completion both occurred during the Middle Ages with the Gothic period taking place during the later(prenominal) half. Gothic and Romanesque architecture were related in many ways, but they in like manner contrasted in call too. Over time, masons began to test the waters and push the limits. They intellection of refreshful ways to add lighting and ways to every(prenominal)ow to a great extent height to the building without it being to heavy and weak. Many of the reasons for the change in styles had a lot to do with society and the changes it faced. There was a greater intensity occurring in piety and literature. The Gothic style embodied this new urban society. Romanesque and Gothic shared similar characteristics, but Gothic architecture was a greater departure from its previous predecessor.The Romanesque architecture style, which occurred during the late eleventh century to the middle 12th century, literally means r oman-like architecture. The Romans, who were inspired by the Etruscans, used barreled and groined vaulting. Romanesque architects later adapted the use of rounded arches, give the style its name. The Romanesque style, being inspired by the Roman architecture, used the devise of the basilica style. Romanesque cathedrals were not originally designed for aesthetic purposes. Romanesque style replaced smooth wood ceilings with stone vaulting. It was one of the first styles to use mainly all stone, but the walls of the Romanesque cathedrals were built very thickly. They were almost like a fortress. Romanesque cathedrals had fewer windows as a result of their thick walls so the churches were very dark. In a sense, this echoed the life that was outside of these sanctuaries walls during the Middle Ages.Some Romanesque characteristics in architecture wer... ... the use of colorful stained glass windows and flying buttresses. The Gothic style was something awe-inspiring. Masons challenged gravity to create works of art that literally reached the heavens.Works CitedCamille, Michael. Gothic artwork Glorious Visions. Upper Saddle River (NJ) Prentice Hall, 1996. Print.Camille, Michael. Gothic Art Glorious Visions. Upper Saddle River (NJ) Prentice Hall, 1996. 12. Print.Frankl, Paul, and Paul Crossley. Gothic Architecture. bleak Haven Yale UP, 2000. Print.Mike. The Evolution of Gothic Architecture. Aquinas Multimedia. Aquinas Multimedia, 12 whitethorn 2008. Web. 10 Apr. 2014..Wilson, Christopher. Thirteenth-Century Gothic. The Gothic Cathedral the Architecture of the Great Church 1130-1530. Reprinted ed. capital of the United Kingdom Thames & Hudson, 2008. 91-120. Print.

Teen Marriage (and Divorce) :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Teen Marri age (and Divorce)Why would a whiz adolescent female like me write an essay slightly hymenealss and divorces? hearty Ill tell you why I wrote it. I chose to write my paper on marriages and divorces because I am very interested in how the lengths of marriages among young adults experience changed over the years. Im also interested in why they divorce at such an early on time in their marriage. The age and reason of marrying nowadays has changed dramatically over the years. Many young people today argon starting to get unite at a very young ages and theyre doing it all for the wrong reasons. . So start my research I asked myself, how farther back in history have young adults been getting get hitched with?About states In Ancient Rome, girls get hitched with between the ages twelve and xiv as well as some young men married at the age of fourteen also. However, during the middle ages, women married as early as fourteen. But men usually waited until they were well on their feet and adequate to support themselves as well as a wife. In 1371, the bonnie age for women to marry was 16 and the average for men was 24. However the age changed in the year 1427 to men marry in their mid 30s and marrying women about half their age. (1) However thats when marriages were accepted by society.Today young adults arent married as young, but their marriage doesnt last as long either. For instance, Macaulay Culkin and his ex wife married both at the age of 17, but they end up getting a divorce with him at the age of 19 and her at the age of 20. Their marriage only lasted for 2 years aft(prenominal) they found out that their love for each other was really upright a fling. I dont think that they should have been thinking about marriage at that age and point in their lives. They both had their own brisk lives which they had already planned out what they wanted to happen. Im sure neither of them had include the part about getting married at the age of 17. 1 al so think that they really werent as ready as they purpose they were. They probably figured that because they feel that they are in love that they should skilful go ahead and take that extra step and get married to be with each for the rest of their lives, which didnt turn out that way.

Essay --

Joe Reschke 8E 19celestial latitude 9, 2013Research PaperThere ar somewhat 3-4 million channelisewrecks in the world. The shipwrecks are intimatelyly spread in the vast Lakes and in the Oceans. Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum estimates that about 6,000 ships are wrecked on the bottom of the Great Lakes. The United Nations estimates about 3 million shipwrecks on the ocean floor. The great lakes, which can be seen from space, are the largest freshwater musical arrangement in the world. The lakes are home to 3,500 species of plants and animals, 170 fish species, they contain 21% of the worlds freshwater, and they cover 95,160 square miles. They are home to about 6,000 shipwrecks. - Graph By David Swayne of Great Lakes History.com This Graph represents the distribution of shipwrecks over various lakes. It show us that most shipwrecks that happen in lakes happen in the great lakes. The stolon ship (not including canoes) to ever travel on the Great Lakes, The Griffon, was ship wrecked. It was wrecked in a violent storm on Lake Huron. The ocean covers 70% of the estates surface. The largest ocean on Earth is the Pacific Ocean. It covers around 30% of the Earths surface, and the Pacific Ocean contains around 25,000 different islands, more more than are found in Earths early(a) oceans and, there are about 350 shark species in all of the oceans. comport you ever seen a shipwreck and wondered how it sunk or just wondered how ships drop dead in general? There are many reasons why boats sink. Ships are made to be on top of the water so when a wave brings water on top of the boat it will most likely cause it to sink. One of the most common ways for a boat to sink is when a boat finds itself in a long storm and it gets engulfed with waves making water come on the b... ...while at bone Harbor. Her bow was severed and wrecked her command room. The main part of the ship and stern were still intact. The Shaw was temporarily repaired and returned to batt le in The Battle of Santa Cruz Islands. The ship wrecked once over again in January 1943. It ran aground near tender Caledonia and this time returned for major repairs. After it was Reschke 7repaired again it was sent clog up to the warzone in October or 1943. It wasnt done wrecking yet. In December 1943, The U.S.S. Shaw was hit with an air attack near Cape Gloucester. It once again had to go back for major repairs. Following those repairs The Shaw participated in the Invasion Of Guam. sequent to that in October 1944- 1945 it escorted pacific convoys to liberate Luzon and other parts of the Philippines. When the Pacific contend ended the Shaw was scrapped. Reschke 8

Internal Enemy :: essays research papers

The home(a) EnemyA good novels al-Qaida is lots proven by the characters actions. A novel in which this occurs is Lord of the Flies by William Golding. InLord of the Flies Golding uses mixed characters to portray that creation isfundamentally atrocious because of his violence and irresponsibility.One push aside see that Goldings theme of the novel is that man isbasically evil because of his violence when the savages bargain Piggysglasses and when Roger wipe outs Piggy. When the savages come to stealPiggys glasses they start a squeeze. Instead of peacefully stealing theglasses the savages lash out at the boys leaving them bruised andbloodied. The fight that the savages provoke is an example of their violence which helps prove that the theme of the novel is that man isbasically evil. A second elan in which Golding demonstrates this, is theincident where Roger kills Piggy. Roger seems to kill Piggy, notbecause he is a threat, but because Roger seems to get down a gross desir e to kill. When Roger kills Piggy he performs the taskthoughtlessly and does not experience any remorse. The fact thatRoger kills Piggy again shows mans violence, proving that the themeof the novel is that man is basically evil. The above examples havehelped prove Goldings theme.Another way in which Golding portrays man as being basically evil istheir irresponsibility when no one helps Ralph build huts and when the hunters let the perk up go out. The boys voted that building huts was measurable and that shelter was a necessity, but no(prenominal)of them helped Ralph and Simon make the huts. This shows that they be not interested in living in a civilized society. When the boys atomic number 18unwilling to build huts they show that they are irresponsible and thatthe theme of this novel is that man is basically evil. An additional waythat the boys show their irresponsibility is when the hunters let the firego out. Although they thought that it was important to be rescuedthey were r eluctant to help with the fire, their only hope of rescue. They are more interested in killing than in being rescued. It is observablethat Golding portrays man as being basically evil because the boys do

television vs. Reality Essay -- essays research papers

It is 830 Monday shadow and the whole family is in the living room watching the Fox mesh topologys primetime hit Ally McBeal. Suddenly, just aft(prenominal) the program resumes after a painspickingsly long commercial break, you see a humanness and a woman lying in bed talking to separately other after having a night of hot, passionate hinge on. You look prevail over and see your ten twelvemonth old son or miss lying on the floor just staring at the TV, taking it all in. You begin strain surfing, and end up on channel 3, CBS. There is a brand new sitcom being expose called Some of My Best Friends. Almost immediately after you and your family begin showing this program, two men, both proclaiming to be gay, begin kissing and embracing severally other. Upset by all of this garbage, you turn off the TV and decide to try and find something a little more tuitional to do. rouse. It seems to be everywhere on tv set today. From sitcoms to certainity shows to dramas to soap oper as, fetch up is one of the leading factors in most television programs. A fresh study showed that 3 out of 4 primetime programs portray sex in races and 68% of all television programs contain familiar content (Cutler, Jacqueline, TVData Features category March 24,2001). There are exceptions to this, however, with networks occasionally condenseing on education and childrens programming, but the mainstream of primetime television programs tends to focus on sex. But how surgical is televisions portrayal of sex in the real demesne? Does everything turn out like it does on shows such as finish up in the City or Temptation Island? Or are these sexual messages just an obvious ploy to help boost ratings? Recently I have watched several shows I thought would help answer these questions. The programs I have researched are Friends, one of NBCs highest rated shows, Everybody Loves Raymond, a family sitcom on CBS, and Days of Our Lives, one of NBCs daytime soap operas. In see these sho ws I hope to compare the key message behind sex and relationships in these programs to real life. I will also compare relationships among love and sex, anger and love, friendship and romantic love, and alternatives to heterosexual relationships.The first television program I researched is the critically acclaimed NBC sitcom, Friends. Upon viewing this show, I fo... ...n an interracial relationship or marriage. This sends the message that people of a certain race or culture should marry someone that is like them. There have been rumors, however, of a new character on Friends that is going to be African-American. If this character does appear, and then maybe it will encourage more programs to end endogamy and pose characters of different race and cultures. The average teen views nearly 15,000 sexual references, innuendoes, and jokes on television every year, according to Electronic Babysitter Overexposes Youth to Sex, a CNN report by Holly Firfer. If these messages are inaccurate, what kind of messages are teens receiving? In the same article, Firfer gave reasons for sex on television. First, Americans seem to eat it up with a spoon. Second, Hollywood has a lack of real writing talent, so why bother with an intelligent story? This seems to be very true, since every year there are more television shows being produced that primarily focus on sex. When will this sexual addiction cease? There is oftentimes more in this world than sex, and television should try to portray real life situations as accurately as possible.

The Themes of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

The Themes of Jane Eyre In the radical of Jane Eyre, Jane struggles against Bessie, the nurse at Gateshead H e very(prenominal) last(predicate), and says, I resisted all the way a saucy thing for me(Chapter 2). This sentence foreshadows what will be an important as well asth root of the domiciliate of the book, that of womanly independence or rebelliousness. Jane is here resisting her unfair punish custodyt, just now throughout the novel she expresses her opinions on the state of women. Tied to this theme is some other of split and the resistance of the terms of ones class. Spiritual and supernatural themes can too be traced throughout the novel. Soon after Jane is settled at Lowood organisation she finds the delectation of expanding her suffer mind and talents. She forgets the hardships of living at the school and focuses on the pasture of her own hands. She is not willing to give this up when she is diligent to Rochester. She resists befitting dependent on him and h is money. She does not want to be give care his mistresses, with their find gowns and jewels, but even after she and Rochester are married, she wants to remain as Adeles governess. She is not willing to give up her independence to Rochester, and tries to setk her own risk by writing to her uncle. In the end, when she does have her own money, she states, I am my own mistress (Chapter 37). Jane not only shows the reader her beliefs on female independence through her actions, but also through her thoughts. Jane desires to see to a greater extent of the world and have more interaction with its people. While she appreciates her dim-witted brio at Thornfield, she regrets that she does not have the means to travel. She relates her relishings to all women, not just those of her class, saying Women are supposed to be very lull generally but women feel just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as untold as their brothers do they suffer fro m too rigid a restraint, too dogmatic a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer and it is shockable in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and create from raw stuff stockings, to acting on the piano and embroidering bags (Chapter 12). It is also important here to prate approximately Bertha, for she is a female character who is often seen resisting.The Themes of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre EssaysThe Themes of Jane Eyre In the beginning of Jane Eyre, Jane struggles against Bessie, the nurse at Gateshead Hall, and says, I resisted all the way a new thing for me(Chapter 2). This sentence foreshadows what will be an important theme of the rest of the book, that of female independence or rebelliousness. Jane is here resisting her unfair punishment, but throughout the novel she expresses her opinions on the state of women. Tied to this theme is another of class and the resistance of the terms of ones cl ass. Spiritual and supernatural themes can also be traced throughout the novel. Soon after Jane is settled at Lowood Institution she finds the enjoyment of expanding her own mind and talents. She forgets the hardships of living at the school and focuses on the work of her own hands. She is not willing to give this up when she is engaged to Rochester. She resists becoming dependent on him and his money. She does not want to be like his mistresses, with their fancy gowns and jewels, but even after she and Rochester are married, she wants to remain as Adeles governess. She is not willing to give up her independence to Rochester, and tries to seek her own fortune by writing to her uncle. In the end, when she does have her own money, she states, I am my own mistress (Chapter 37). Jane not only shows the reader her beliefs on female independence through her actions, but also through her thoughts. Jane desires to see more of the world and have more interaction with its people. While she ap preciates her simple life at Thornfield, she regrets that she does not have the means to travel. She relates her feelings to all women, not just those of her class, saying Women are supposed to be very calm generally but women feel just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags (Chapter 12). It is also important here to talk about Bertha, for she is a female character who is often seen resisting.

The Major Marketing Strategies Essay -- Business and Management Studie

The Major market StrategiesMost of the major marketing strategies hind end be classified into peerless ofthe following iv categories* Product* Place* Price* PromotionThese quaternary categories argon known as the marketing swagger or the four Psof marketing. These are variables that the marketing managers hurl tocontrol in order to satisfy their customers. Below is a diagram of howthe marketing mix comprises.Product looks at the physical harvest-home or service offered to theconsumer, it be spots refers to the service or the conveniences that arepart of the offering.Product decisions take aspects such as function behavior,packaging, service, warranty and any other elements tie in with theproduct.Price Pricing decisions should take into account profit margins andthe probable set response of competitors.Pricing does not only take into account the nominate price but also looksat discount, financing and other options such as leasing.Place The place or placement serves as t he transmit of distributionfor getting the product to the consumer.Distribution takes into account Availability, types of outlets andmarket reporting and the location of the business.Promotion These decisions are those related to communicating andselling the product to the consumer. Promotions need to take intoaccount the value of the customer as promotions can become quiteexpensive and therefore you need to consider whether your customersare re bothy worth the cost of acquiring them.Promotion decisions include advertising, world relations, mediatypes, publicity and image.The following table summarises the marketing mix decisionsIn regards to hay mob the marketing mix had been used to createtheir marketing outline by looking at the four Ps and linking themto the consumer. hay kitten would be looking to use a market sagacity scheme as their main target consumers would be thosepeople interested in using the swimming facility. In this case Hayespool knows that the demand is like ly to be elastic because of the factthat so some(prenominal) leisure bone marrows and gym facilities are constantlyopening.The product of Hayes pool is mainly the swimming complex that theyhave and as a ancillary business they have involved a gym facility.The product side of the marketing mix has not been used veryeffectively the appearance is very poor as the building seems quiteold ... ...k exercise Ineed to look into adding more facilities and this can be achieved byresearching what other competitors are offering in the area.Opportunities* New and rapidly maturation markets* Changing tastes of consumers* Could diversify into a number of product lines.I have found that my leisure sharpen can be shifted across the streetwhich would mean that it lies in the zone that is funded by thegovernment this means that they could tumble the pool a completemakeover and really build up the facilities. similarly if the leisurecentre was to move across the street a itinerary from centr al avenue couldbe made allow ining easier access to the leisure centre for residents ofthe road that falls on central avenue, east holme, orchard road andcoldharbour lane.Threats* Growing competition from rivals* Recession leading to poor demand in the economy* Development of foreign competitorsA new leisure centre has recently opened up in the area and isoffering all the benefits of the leading gym centres but at lowerprices. Within a year the local elections will take place again and ifthe accredited government is voted of the chair the next government maynot allow funding for my leisure centre.

Societys Reactions To Walden :: essays research papers

When Walden was publish during the nineteenth century, the reactions of mess were exceedingly different than they are of modern society. These reactions were towards all(prenominal) aspect of Thoreau and altered with e very change in time. The foremost reactions toward enthalpy David Thoreau occurred when he went to racy on his confess at Walden Pond. As curious as it may seem, some critics think that Thoreaus choice to live at Walden Pond was simply because he was a hermit. However, his sheltered deportment was the result of his brothers death, which promoted henry to go to Walden Pond (Life 1). Henry explains in Walden, I went to the wood because I wished to live deliberately, to front except the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, get around that I had not lived (Life 1). As anyone may obviously see, Thoreau did not hire a life on the pond simply because he was a hermit. He left his nearby town of Co ncord for the life at the pond on July 4, 1845, which was Independence Day (Life 1). By leaving for Walden on July 4th Independence Day, Henry would have spent his first enough day at Walden Pond on the anniversary of his brothers birthday (Life 1).Although many believe Henry was a recluse, Henry was no stranger to society while he lived at the pond (Life 1). As he himself said, I had to a greater extent visitors while I lived in the woods than at any other period in my life I mean that I had some (Thoreau 119). These visitors Henry had at the pond include both his family and his friends, who he had, frequent dinners with (Life 1).The reactions of the people during Thoreaus time were very diverse, some were positive while others were negative. John Burroughs was one of the few people who wrote frequently on Thoreau. He points pop quite rightly that Thoreau was more interested in natural philosophy than natural science (Harding 87). In later years he forgot that and devoted most of his criticism to pointing out Thoreaus many errors in scientific identification of species, and thus upset the broader concept of Thoreaus work (Hendrick 87). Meanwhile, the reactions of Thoreaus neighbors werent all that bad. In Thoreaus Journal, Thoreau states, How I love the simple reserved countrymen my neighbors who mind their own business and let me alone who never waylaid nor shot at me to my knowledge when I crossed their fields though each one has a gun in his house (Harding 47).

Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita Essay -- Literary A

The vast interpretations and multiple meanings that imposition within Mikhail Bulgakovs fable The professional and Margarita cannot be limited or reduced to just a singular point or explanation. It would be ludicrous for one to simply classify Bulgakovs work as just a religious, ethical, social or political tract because the enforcement of only if one of these points of view would hinder the readers insight into the reason of the entire novel. However, it is possible to be able to grasp the many themes and meanings of The keep in line and Margarita by the examination of one of the novels central mentions, this character is found in both narratives of the novel and his name is Woland or, as he is also known, the devil. Woland is the most important character in the novel because he entices the people of Moscow, whether they want to or not and whether they are conscious of it or not, to greyback against the order of which they are accustomed too and to gain a new found sense o f liberation. Colin Wright, in his work Mikhail Bulgakov Life and Interpretations, writes, And here we find the key to the whole book for, as we have seen, it is the separate non-conformists who are Bulgakovs heroes, those who rebel whether against God or man (270). It is perceivable that Bulgakov, having written this work in an oppressive surrounding that limited what he could and could not write, creates a hero who is in fact a rebel and other characters that are rebellious against those who stifle artistic freedom. In Vladimir Tumanovs essay, Diabolus ex Machina Bulgakovs Modernist Devil, the author writes, In this respect the modernist qualities of Bulgakovs novel acquire a new dimension because Master i Margarita becomes a kind of artistic devil, fulfilli... ...ivision of benevolence into good and evil is no overnight useful and the transcendence of the need for retribution is the goal (362). With Woland, Bulgakov sends the message that humanity falls into a grey are a and that one needs to deliver compassion to their fellow human beings instead of always seeking vengeance. whole kit and caboodle CitedBulgakov, Mikhail. The Master and Margarita. London Picador, 1997.Franklin, Simon. Introduction. The Master and Margarita. By Mikhail Bulgakov. 1992. Great Britain Everymans Library, 1992.Proffer, Ellendea. Bulgakov the Magician. Afterward. The Master and Margarita. By Mikhail Bulgakov. 1995. London Picador, 1997.Tumanov, Vladimir. Diabolus ex Machina Bulgakovs Modernist Devil. Vol. 35. Scando-Slavica, 1989.Wright, Colin. Mikhail Bulgakov Life and Interpretations. Canada University of Toronto Press, 1978.