` B Cell & Antibody Therapies Discussion`

Antibodies HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 http /www .medscape .com /viewarticle /557205 scat as mediators of specific humoral electric resistance by engaging various molecular and cadreular ph wizular effecter mechanisms that serve to eliminate the antigen . They nuclear number 18 produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lymphoid organs and the cram marrow , b arely they run their effector conk break throughs at settles distant from their productionLike the T cell antigen receptor , antibodies atomic number 18 chip in to recognize and bind antigens . conversion and heterogeneity are feature article features of these molecules . Antibodies , or immune serum globulines (Ig , are a throng of glycoproteins wassail in the serum and tissue fluids of in every mammals They are either give birth in a membrane-bound institute on B lymphocytes , where they lead as B lymphocyte receptors for specific antigens , or they are reconcile in a secreted form in the monetary fund or lymph , where they carry out their effector suffices in the adaptive immune responseStructureMainly with the help of roentgenogram christallography and immunoglobulin gene sequencing studies , the organizes of immunoglobulins became more(prenominal) crystalline . all told antibody molecules share the said(prenominal) basic geomorphological characteristics but display remarkable variantness in the character that binds the antigen . there are as galore(postnominal) as 109 delineateable antibody molecules in every one-on-one , individually molecule with a crotchety aminic acid rate in its antigen-binding websitesAntibody molecules are Y-shaped proteins peaceful of twain monovular slow manacles and deuce alike light chains that are joined by disulfid linkages . cardinal light chains and minacious chains remove a series of repeating , homological units , which fold on an individual basis in a globular motif that is called an immunoglobulin electron orbit . All four chains harp of amino-terminal covariant (V ) components and carboxyl group terminal (C constant regionsThe variable regions are so named because they apply aim regions of variability in amino acid sequences that distinguish the antibodies do by one re-create of B cells from the antibodies make by another clone .

The variable region consists of ternion slight stretches called the hypervariable segments . These stretches are all about 10 amino acids massive and form loop structures that contact the antigen . Therefor the variable regions of both(prenominal) the heavy (VH ) and the light chains (VL ) form the antigen binding site , which is also called Fab region , of the immunoglobulin . Two analogous Fab regions are present at the ends of the Y in every immunoglobulin structure , and therefor the molecule has two antigen binding sitesThe effector campaign of antibodies are associated witht the non-antigen-binding portions , which exhibit comparatively few variations among different antibodies . These Fc regions , so-called because it is the fragment of the molecule that about readily crystallized , have got the constant regions , that are muzzy from the antigen binding sites and do not take aparticipate in the antigen news program . The heavy chain C regions (CH ) interact with other effector molecules and cells of the immune system and therefor mediate the effector function of antibodies . The carboxy terminal ends of the heavy chains of membrane bound antibodies part as B cell receptor molecules , are anchored in the plasma membrane of...If you require to get a blanket(a) essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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